This is a line of thinking I have been playing with as it has related to our other two conversations (one, two). So, we have authority and servanthood. I want to think about priesthood and fatherhood. I know that this is going to push some folks around, but this is a good line for a baptist to take, I think.
Here are some baptist ways of thinking about it:
The Baptist conception of the ministry is governed by the principle that it is a ministry of a church and not only a ministry of an individual. It is the church which preaches the the Word and celebrates the sacraments, and it is the church which, through pastoral oversight, feeds the flock and ministers to the world. - "The Baptist Doctrine of the Church" approved by the Council of the Baptist Union of Great Britain and Ireland, 1948We'll worry about that "sacrament" thing later, but I do like it. Here we see a couple of ideas playing around. The responsibility of the church is ministry. It is not placed upon the shoulders of a specific individual per se. "Pastoral oversight" is an administrative function and, ideally, not one of power. Baptist ministers are called and released by their congregations. Whatever authority they have is given to them by the church (read: congregation here). There is nothing in the position that requires specific authorities as prerequisite.
Historically, this is a reaction to inappropriate hierarchies within the priesthood/ekklesia (church). I think that we will all agree that one cannot spoon feed salvation as a priest. It is not the role of the priest to give salvation. That belongs to God. Authority belongs to God. Responsibility belongs to the followers of Christ (Matthew 28 - Great Commission). This is not to lower the priesthood, but to elevate the believer...in accordance with the scriptures.
This is from "The Covenant of the Alliance of Baptists."
Fourth, the servant role of leadership within the church, following the model of our Servant Lord, and to full partnership of all of God's peopel in mission and ministry.Yeah, well, that about summs it up. Of course, as Baptists, we will have to play in these words differently.
An ordained clergy has always been a part of Baptist structure. Ordination is a formal recognition that God has given a set apart ministry to the church, that he has called people to his service, endowed them with spiritual gifts to bless the church, and, further, that the candidates have taken seriously the divine call by giving evidence of thorough preparation and a holy life. Ordination is an act of the local church (read: congregation - ed.) and is conferred following the recommendation of a council, composed of ordained and lay representatives of other churches, which examines the candidate. - Baptist Distinctives and Diversities, represents six different baptist bodies in the United States ca. 1964This highlights the position more than the other two confessions might. Still, the conferal of the position is through the congregation. I prefer the language of the preceding two (surprise!), and would suggest that they are "more" baptist and more in line with the notion of Christ Jesus being the head of the church. This is from the same "Distinctives" document. I like this, actually.
Just as Christ is confessed as Lord of the individual believer, so also Baptists recognise him as head of the church. He is head of the churhc in its expression within a local congregation. He ils likewise head of the church in its wider expression which includes all those redeemed by his grace. No vicar, pope, bishop, prophet, elder, minister, priest, council, synod, or convention can usurp the primacy of Christ's authority. Neither may anything or anyone interfere with the directness of that authority to the church. The church therefore never moves with greater sureness, purpose, and victory than when it acknowledges its proper relationship to Jesus Christ. in the imagery of Scripture, we confess that the Body must submit to the head.And here is where we can start talking about the place of the father in the family and the tension that is established in scripture between the headship of Christ and the priesthood of all believers.
In the next post, I'll get at this mess:
1. As the church is a community of believers gathered for the purpose of witnessing to the presense of Christ in worship and works, the family is an extension of this. The work of the Christian extends beyond Sunday morning. The priesthood of the believer extends beyond Sunday morning. All Christian members of a family are thus priests.
2. No one person is "uberpriest" as that role belongs to Christ. So, the father, mother or whomever cannot be the "uberpriest."
3. All communities posess a plethora of gifts and graces found within the individual gifts and graces of the members. This will establish differences, but not a hierarchy.
4. The conferral of authority is granted by the recognition of the individual call by the gathered community. Thus, the family decides by virtue of its life together in Christ who gets to posess what responsibility and when.
Posted by tripp at June 15, 2004 10:21 AMTwo quick thoughts on the last part of your post --
1. About #4, how do you envision this happening in a family with young children, or other members who are not equipped to make adult decisions for themselves?
2. How do you envision the handling of conflict between two adult members of a family over a decision that has to be made?
Posted by: Megan at June 15, 2004 12:43 PMTripp:
On the surface, I don't see any major disagreements. The Orthodox Church has, in general, the same basic understanding. The sacraments (of which one is the priesthood) flow from the life of the Church, and are thus conferred by the Church, and not by some individual. (As an aside, this is why some of the fringe groups calling themselves Orthodox, really aren't. They can trace certain ordinational family trees far enough back to claim legitimacy. But they forget that ordination is not about legal ties, but about living communion. If they aren't in living communion with the whole of the Church, then tracing lineages doesn't mean much.)
I suspect that when things start getting down to the nitty-gritty, however, we'll disagree. The devil is in the details, as it were.
However, there is one problem I perceive in your current account--which may be fixed by your coming post(s)--and that is in the last item (#4). If the gathered community (the Church) has voiced the will of God--for example, that the husband is the head of the wife--then how would the singular family have any authority to override the authority of the larger Church? As you've described it, the authority of the family is conferred on it by its relation to the Church, or it's being a part of that Church. But what if the singular family uses its authority to contravene that of the Church?
I don't think it's as smooth a transition from "the Church has authority to determine its affairs" so the "family has authority to determine its affairs." Unless you see the origins of the family and of the Church as distinct and different. But whether the origins are the same or different, you'll have to deal with the conflicting authority if the family determines to make its head him/her who is other than what the Church has said is the head.
And given the Baptist adherence to congregation autonomy, I'm sure you have an answer. But we can take that when it comes.
Posted by: Clifton D. Healy at June 15, 2004 12:52 PMGood comments. Most will be tackled in the next post.
Re: #4
Cliff - I think the corolation works church=family because of the priesthood of all believers. Equal authority in the church means the same in the rest of our lives because we are always priests and always of equal standing under God.
Megan - I think that there is something of maturity and wisdom that plays into the dynamic. Yes. So, a two-year old does not get to make decisions. Though, there is certainly a servanthood aspect to parenting and the responsibility of having children ideally plays a part. You don't have kids in order to be in charge of them. We are responsible for what is given to us by God.
Now, I also want to say that a family is not a closed system. So, there are many influences, good and bad at play. And no parent is perfect. A child will likely have to forgive a parent. A child may likely have to take responsibility for some aspect of their own rearing at some point. And a child may very well have to make decisions for the parent, whether as adult children or younger.
Posted by: Tripp at June 15, 2004 01:15 PMTripp:
Okay, so, if I understand you correctly, the priesthood of all believers, in your understanding, levels all authority. The only one with any authority is Christ.
So what about a situation in which two priests/believers (in Church or in family) come into conflict? How do you resolve the dispute? Both could potentially appeal to Christ. How do you avoid schism?
Let's take a pertinent example: one believer understands homosexual practice to be sinful, the other believes it to be holy. (You may insert any sin, but this one seemed especially relevant to you point because it is an act about which there is equally strong disagreement, and the disagreements could occur between members of the Church and/or members of a family.) Since it involves sin (for at least one conscience), how does one reconcile the two authorities in conflict? The one against the sin/behavior cannot, in good conscience, share in communion with the other because to do so would be to fail to recognize the body of Christ and its holiness. The other, a proponent of the behavior, would likely want to remain in communion with the other, but how could they avoid the inherent schism?
Posted by: Clifton D. Healy at June 15, 2004 01:26 PMWhy is conflict a problem? The Bible is all about conflict. Forgiveness, repentance, humility, love...these are Christian disciplines, and ones that Matthew suggests are directly related to our salvation. This is what makes being Christian hard. Christianity is not to make our lives easier to live, but to make them true.
So, conflict comes with the territory.
In your example, we may never see reconciliation. I know in my heart that we will not see such in our lifetime. I wish it were different, but forgiveness is asked of us as is repentance. We must ask even the unrepentant for our forgiveness. If we ask ourselves honestly, there are always sins we do not repent from. Repentance is a discipline.
Where differences in interpretation and opinion and scholarship occur, we have to say "glass darkly," "here but not yet." The Kingdom is with us. We cannot see it. We do not always seek it. It is poured out upon us, but we cannot taste it. Why? We are fallen.
This seems to be an odd question to come from one who is pursuing Orthodoxy. There is conflict even in that tradition. Why? People. I am not suggesting utopia in my ramblings.
I am trying to suggest, and hopefully will get to in the next post, that egalitarianism (not utopianism) is normative in the Gospel, the whole of it.
Posted by: Tripp at June 15, 2004 04:38 PMTripp:
I'm not suggesting for a moment that there is not any conflict, nor that there should not be. Jude wrote to the New Testament flock he was addressing to "contend for the faith once delivered to the saints" implying some sort of conflict. Indeed, both Jude and 2 Peter have much to do with false teaching.
Rather, my point has been to point out what I take to be an inherent weakness in what I've seen you offer thus far: if all authority is level, how does one resolve conflict?
Asserting that we should "stay in dialouge" or that we should keep on loving one another, while you do acknowledge this is hard work--it ain't after all, all tea and crumpets with the bish during coffee hour--I don't see how what I take to be your direction of pursuit, that is to say, radical egalitarianism, actually fosters unity, since I don't yet see there being a "mechanism" (or if you prefer, dynamic, resource, what have you) for dealing with conflict.
As you know, I'm going to push you on the issue of authority, because it's all going to come down to that very question.
Posted by: Clifton D. Healy at June 15, 2004 10:45 PMRe homosexuality, Tripp, you said, "I know in my heart that we will not see such in our lifetime."
Why are you copping out like this? Why are you abandoning this problem?
And I echo Clifton's question about conflict resolution. If conflict is never resolved, schism seems inevitable.
Posted by: Megan at June 16, 2004 08:25 AMIt is not a copout.
There are people younger than I am who hold that homosexuality is directly against the teaching of scripture. They will most likely outlive me. It is also possible, as Christians, to engagae communities that support our views and hide in them and not dialogue with people of opposing theologies. In fact, there are some traditions that would say that one should not engage in dialogue with those who push the bounds of traditional theology. SO, conversation simply will not happen in some circles.
Where homosexuality is concerned, we may always be in two camps. One camp may be larger or smaller than the other, but there you go.
So, not a copout. Just a reflection of reality.
As far as conflict in the family is concerned, let me respond in the next full post.
Posted by: Tripp at June 16, 2004 08:37 AMI'm looking forward to that next full post.
But in this one, if I understand your most recent comment correctly, you're basically giving up on trying to get your church to embrace its gay members in Christ's love. That's not only incredibly disappointing to me personally, it's also in opposition to the command that we shall love one another as ourselves.
Posted by: Megan at June 16, 2004 08:40 AMYou misunderstand me...or I do not express myself clearly.
I will never give up that task. However, I know that there will always be those who directly oppose it...and those who are apathetic. Maybe eventually the church as a whole will one day embrace homosexuality and homosexuals. I just know some of those opposed to it, and they show no sign of changing their minds, so I will not expect them to change.
I will always support and invite homosexuals into the churches I serve.
Posted by: Tripp at June 16, 2004 08:47 AMI think it a false dichotomy that you present: either embrace homosexuality and homosexuals or not.
For the record: the Orthodox Church fully embraces homosexuals in its membership, while it at the same time opposes homosexual sexual activity.
Like Tripp, I will always embrace homosexuals, and in love warn them of the scientific facts which reveal the dangers of homosexual activity as well as the spiritual dangers that also go along with that behavior.
I don't think it would be out of turn to reference as evidence of my claims one Huw Richardson, who is a fellow blogger. (www.doxos.com)
Posted by: Clifton D. Healy at June 16, 2004 11:57 AMHow does that embrace work, then? "I love you only as long as you're not really you"?
Posted by: Megan at June 16, 2004 02:54 PMThat of course assumes that we are reduceable to our actions. Christians submits that that is not the case, but that we can, by God's grace, transcend ourselves.
Posted by: Clifton D. Healy at June 16, 2004 06:07 PMOr, to put it another way, the embrace is much more deep and sincere than the one which says, "Go and do that which will destroy you."
Posted by: Clifton D. Healy at June 16, 2004 06:12 PMAnd that, of course, presumes that a person is separable from his or her actions, which are the expressions of his or her self.
But if you believe that gay sex is somehow inherently destructive, then again we find ourselves at the point of fundamental disagreement.
Honestly, I'd take your view of gay sex more seriously if I knew you had any actual experience of it.
Posted by: Megan at June 16, 2004 11:25 PM"I'd take your view of gay sex more seriously if I knew you had any actual experience of it."
If you can't accept Clifton's argument on its own terms, check out the previously mentioned Huw Raphael.
If anyone can speak authoritatively and experientially to the inherent spiritual destructiveness of *unrepentant* homosexual behavior, it is Huw.
His "I Was in Hell" essay in the May issue of Touchstone is excellent.
The original blog post can be found here:
http://www.doxos.com/comments.php?id=524_0_1_0_C
Posted by: Karl Thienes at June 16, 2004 11:41 PMMegan:
You should also review the information given at a conference held by the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association in January of 2000 regarding the increased health risks of homosexual behavior, particular the high rates of cancer among the homosexual population. (And I would point out that the information comes from a GLBT task force and not some anti-gay group.)
Posted by: Clifton D. Healy at June 17, 2004 05:17 AM